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BRIEF HISTORY OF THE MERCED RIVER CANYON:
The Merced River originates in Yosemite National Park on the crest
of the Sierra Nevada at an elevation of 11,000 feet. The river flows
wild and undammed until it reaches Lake McClure, formed by the New
Exchequer Dam near Merced Falls. From Lake McClure, the river continues
into the San Joaquin Valley and joins the San Joaquin River near
Newman.
Lieutenant Gabriel Moraga of the Mexican Army named the Merced in
1806 when he and his band of soldiers came upon the river at the
end of a 40-mile march. Ingratitude, he called the river El Rio
Nuestra Senora de la Merced (The River of Our Lady of Mercy).
The history of the navigable portions of the upper Merced River
is one of miners, railroads, and lumberjacks. The gold miners arrived
in the 1850’s. The two most productive mines along the river
were Hite’s Cove and Clearing House. The Hite’s Cove
mine produced more than $3 million in gold. Gold miners still operate
dredges on the Merced, especially during periods of low flow and
warm weather.
The
Yosemite Valley Railroad parallels the north bank of the river.
Between 1907 and 1945, the railroad carried passengers from Merced
to El Portal, providing the most popular transport to and from Yosemite
National Park.
Large stands of sugar pine once grew on both sides of the Merced
River Canyon. In 1910, the Yosemite Lumber Company began to harvest
this timber and continued to do so until 1942. Logs were transported
down from the surrounding ridges, loaded onto Yosemite Valley Railroad
cars, and then taken 60 miles to the mill at Merced Falls.
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WILDLIFE
ON THE MERCED RIVER:
The Merced River hosts an array of wildlife in and around the water.
Keep an eye out for:
Birds: The abundant and varied bird life along
the river include mourning doves, Cassin’s finches, California
quail, dark-eyed juncos, woodpeckers, dippers, great blue herons,
scrub jays, and red-winged blackbirds. Red-tailed hawks, turkey
vultures, cliff swallows, and canyon wrens are plentiful. The common
meganser often rests along the river, and occasionally, a magnificent
bald eagle may be seen.
Plants: California poppy, white alder, Oregon ash,
oaks, poison oak, big-leaf maple, Indian rhubarb, buttonbush, and
willow are found along the tributaries of the Merced River. Higher
up the surrounding slopes, whiteleaf manzanita and the remnants
of once-larger stands of sugar pine can be observed.
Mammals: Most prevalent among the many types of
animals found along the Merced Canyon are squirrel, raccoon, jackrabbit,
bats and skunk. Observant boaters and campers may be lucky enough
to spot less abundant, but nevertheless commonly seen, beaver, mule
deer, coyote and, on rare occasion, bobcat.
Fish: Brown and rainbow trout and small-mouth bass are the game
fish found in the Merced. Squawfish, hardhead, western sucker and
sculpin are common. The Merced also has a fall run of Chinook Salmon.
Hosted
by: Sunshine Adventures
www.raftadventure.com/
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